COS 82-5 - State of the practice of adaptation plantings aimed to restore and sustain tree cover in vulnerable areas under uncertain future conditions across the Great Lakes region, USA

Abstract: Background/Question/Methods

Forest habitats across the upper Lake States region are threatened by the impacts of an increasing frequency and severity of climate extremes and disturbances, as well as an increasing prevalence of non-native insects and diseases. These threats have contributed to significant areas of tree decline and mortality altering forest habitat conditions. Given the significant cultural, ecological and economic impacts of forest loss in the region, there is an urgent need for adaptation strategies, which could help counterbalance the impacts of increasing tree mortality on ecosystems, including carbon sequestration and wildlife habitat for a range of species. The objective of our project is to better understand approaches of forest stewards across the Great Lakes region in addressing climate change, disturbance or invasive species impacts by evaluating outcomes of already implemented forest adaptation experiments and demonstration areas. To achieve this objective, we conducted surveys, interviews, and focus groups to understand the state of the practice of these adaptation strategies. Additionally, we reviewed policies and documents relevant to adaptation plantings and measured growth and survival of 22 on-the-ground projects managed by a variety of stakeholders.

Results/Conclusions

We found different trends for adaptation plantings in the region. Overall, Tribal Nations and the states of Minnesota and Wisconsin have several small on-the-ground projects (0.2 to 5 hectares). On the other hand, Michigan has project proposals in process, but they are currently focusing on developing more adaptation-related research and building staff capacity. Current governors in the region are prioritizing adaptation and mitigation strategies in face of climate change as well as green energy projects. Therefore, growing initiatives exist to conduct research and apply adaptation strategies in current projects.

The most common species planted in the region were Quercus bicolor, Quercus rubra, Quercus macrocarpa, Ulmus americana, and Acer saccharinum. Deer browse and understory competition were common problems that affected the success of the projects in addition to the hydrology of the site. We noticed a trend towards a more climate change-oriented forest management and to finding solutions to mitigate the effects of emerald ash borer on ash stands. In addition, most implemented projects have been conducted at a small scale, but managers are hopeful to eventually conduct projects at operational scales for which collaboration across institutions is essential. Results of this project will contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the operational feasibility and outcomes of forest adaptation plantings.